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Path of destruction: The lateral blast

The speed and force with which Mount St. Helens exploded is evident in the varying degrees of devastation wrought over 19 miles northwest of the crater.

Illustration

 
DIRECT BLAST ZONE

Reach: About 8 miles from summit
Force: Shockwave travels horizontally over the area at speeds above 670 mph. Pyroclastic flows of gas and rock, reaching up to 800 degrees, race down the mountain at speeds up to 200 mph.
Impact: Everything in the direct blast zone -- natural or manmade -- is obliterated within seconds. Nothing, not even the topography of the zone, could deflect the flow of material carried by the blast.

Photo   4 miles from summit: Within 90 seconds, the avalanche reaches Spirit Lake and Harry Truman's lodge is buried by several hundred feet of mud. Truman, 83, is never found.
 
Photo   6 miles: The blast reaches David A. Johnston, 30, a U.S. Geological Survey volcanologist, killing him as he warns on his radio: "Vancouver, Vancouver! This is it!"
 
Photo   7 miles: Newspaper photographer Reid Blackburn, 27, is killed sitting in his Volvo at Coldwater Camp. He was covering the volcano for The Columbian in Vancouver, Wash., and National Geographic.

INTERMEDIATE BLAST ZONE

Reach: 9 to 17 miles from summit
Force: Direction and force of shockwave are evident in patterns of flattened trees.
Impact: Some people caught in zone survive. About 4 million board feet of timber topples.

9 miles from summit: Four loggers are hit at Elk Rock. Three die from severe burns after being rescued.
 
12 miles from summit: The entire Seibold family -- Ron, 41, a state employee; Barbara, 33, an Olympia High School teacher; and their children, Michelle, 9, and Kevin, 7 -- die in their Chevy Blazer near Camp Baker, when the hot blast explodes through the Toutle Valley.
 
Photo   12 miles: Eight peole die at Camp Baker trying to flee hot mudflows traveling as fast as 30 mph that toss logs, trees and even a locomotive like toys. The wall of mud buries rivers, forests and people up to 17 miles from the summit.

SEARED ZONE

Reach: 17 to 19 miles from summit
Force: Heat is still strong enough to singe trees.
Impact: Trees are killed but left standing.

 

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